Airports Transitioning to AFFF-Free Zones with Safer Alternatives

Fire safety at airports is a top priority. Airports have traditionally used Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF) for fire suppression. It’s due to the foam’s ability to combat ignitable liquid fires. However, recent developments have resulted in a shift toward safer alternatives. 

In this blog, we will discuss the transition to AFFF-Free Zones and the drivers of this change within airports.

AFFF: A Go-To Solution?

AFFF contains per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which provide heat resistance and oil repellency. These properties make AFFF hugely effective in putting out fires involving flammable liquids. 

However, PFAS are persistent in the environment, accumulating in water sources and living organisms. Their negative health consequences, like liver malfunctioning and decreased fertility, contribute to an increased risk.

Risks associated with AFFF

AFFF, which contains PFAS, is also called a “forever chemical” due to its long-term sustenance in the environment. When this chemical seeps into the ground and water, it pollutes water sources and natural habitats, harming overall environmental health.

In September 2022, the EPA proposed PFOS and PFOA as toxic substances under the CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act). This designation could lead to the EPA managing Superfund cleanups for PFAS-contaminated sites, including airports. 

This move reflects concerns about PFAS exposure’s links to serious health issues. Instances include high cholesterol, liver enzyme changes, reproductive problems, decreased vaccination response, thyroid disorders, hypertension, preeclampsia, and various cancers.

The challenges airports face due to PFAS stem from the need to switch to safer alternatives and from its contamination legacy. Investigations across the United States, especially in California, reveal PFAS contamination at numerous airports. It necessitates costly and complex environmental assessments and remediation efforts. 

The FAA’s transition plan indicates that new PFAS-free foams may not perform as effectively as AFFF. Additionally, the compatibility of new foams with existing firefighting equipment is a concern.

In light of the scenario, AFFF users and manufacturers must follow stringent PFAS-related regulations. Moreover, lawsuits have been filed regarding AFFF-related health issues. According to TruLaw, these have resulted in financial settlements, damage to brands’ reputations, and higher insurance premiums for consumers.

The Transition to AFFF-Free Zones: Environmental and Health Concerns

The growing awareness of PFAS hazards has prompted airports to seek safer alternatives. The need to protect water sources while prioritizing human health backed the development of fluorine-free firefighting foams. 

The AFFF lawsuit aided in the transition toward addressing PFAS-related health and environmental damage. Litigants are seeking compensation for medical expenses and environmental cleanup on the grounds of the foam’s harmful effects.

Alternative Technology Turning AFFF-Free Zones Into Reality

The push for change is driven by the impending halt in the production of current foams by major producers. It compels airports to find replacements to maintain operational readiness while reducing environmental impact. A fluorine-free foam recently passed military specification tests, marking a step forward in offering airports a less harmful alternative​. 

Let us look at advancements in firefighting technology that provide environmentally friendly fire suppression solutions.

1. Fluorine-Free Foams (F3)

These revolutionary foams are free of PFAS, which addresses health risks and environmental concerns associated with traditional firefighting foams. F3 foams suppress fires by creating a physical barrier between fuel and oxygen, reducing the spread of flames. Their implementation improves safety for both firefighters and communities. 

2. Water Mist Systems

Using finely dispersed water droplets, these systems absorb heat and extinguish fires, especially in enclosed spaces. Water mist systems rapidly lower temperatures and displace oxygen, making them invaluable tools in fire suppression efforts. 

3. Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS)

CAFS technology combines foam concentrate, water, and compressed air to create dense foam with superior firefighting capabilities. This versatile system is effective against both Class A and Class B fires, with quick cooling and excellent surface adhesion. In regard to resource consumption and environmental impact, CFAS is one of the best alternatives. 

4. Eco-Gel

Eco-Gel is a sustainable alternative to firefighting technology that converts water into a gel-like substance. It adheres to burning surfaces, increasing firefighting effectiveness while reducing water consumption. This environmentally friendly additive boosts the effectiveness of water-based firefighting methods, providing a practical solution for putting out fires. 

5. Cold Fire

Cold Fire is a sustainable agent that works against a variety of fire classes, including A, B, D, and K. It reduces fire temperatures and encapsulates fuel sources, preventing re-ignition. It is non-toxic, biodegradable, and non-corrosive, making it versatile and widely used in firefighting.

These innovative inventions improve firefighting capabilities, reduce environmental impact, and ensure safety for firefighters and communities. 

Moreover, airports are encouraged to develop and implement PFAS management plans to mitigate regulatory liability. The FAA has issued guidance advising airports on environmental limits for PFAS. They have also prioritized best practices for equipment decontamination and timelines for implementing fluorine-free foams. This guidance highlights the need for new foams as AFFF availability declines.

Thus, the transition from AFFF to safer alternatives demonstrates our commitment to a greener, healthier future. As airports around the world adopt AFFF-free zones, they prioritize environmental stewardship and the well-being of the people they serve.